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Table of Contents Ideographic Mapping Collective and Organised vs Individual and Spontaneous Experiences The measure of a Collective Value In this writing, I consider religion or no religion from the viewpoints of conscious subjectivity and Agency. By this, I mean that religion or no religion can be viewed either as a subject, such as an individual who has the conscious power to relate his/her feelings, desires or beliefs within the bounds allowed by the law, conventions, and responsibilities, on the one hand, or as an agency that has the power of influence over other people, organizations, societies and even civilizations (‘civilization’, here understood as a society or group of people), on the other.   Ideographic Mapping The choice of the phrase ‘An Ideographic Mapping’ as part of the title emphasizes the conscious but rigid specification of the influences of the many religious or irreligious beliefs. The German philosopher, Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) argued that space and time are o

Table of Contents The Angles, Saxons, and Jutes Beliefs In every culture or religion, some enormous practices and beliefs have and continue to influence our human society and civilizations. In this brief essay, I will describe how the entire world has directly or indirectly assimilated the culture and religion of the Anglo-Saxons and how they have influenced our social and political lives. You may declare yourself a Christian, Buddhist, Jew, Hindu, or Muslim, following the practices and beliefs of the Anglo-Saxon world. This is acculturation. Arguably, Britain was once occupied by pagans - the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. The Angles, Saxons, and Jutes The ‘Angles’ (old English) refers to one of the many Germanic peoples who settled in Britain (5 th  - 6 th  centuries) after the Romans had come and gone. These settlers found many kingdoms in Anglo-Saxon England. Their name eventually becomes the root of the name England (that is, ‘Land of Angle’). The ‘Saxons’ were identified as a grou

Table of Contents Abenaki - Native American Tribe Various Belief Systems A brief description of Abenaki's tribe, culture, and society will be examined in this writing.  Abenaki - Native American Tribe The Abenaki are a Native American tribe and naturally, an Algonquian-speaking people of northeast North America. The Abenaki are variously known as Abnaki, Wabanaki, or Waponaki; a plethora of names that are significantly symbolic of the life and culture of the people. Accordingly, the word ‘Abenaki’ means “The people of the dawn land.” The Abenaki consider themselves as ‘Alnombak’, a tribal term that means “the people”. As early as their perception of self-determination, the Abenaki were part of the Wananaki Confederacy of the five Algonquian-speaking tribes that prospered between the mid-1600s and mid-1800s and occupied in the New England area of the United States and Quebec of Canada. Alongside the Algonquian people, Abenaki people shared a belief in Midewiwin (or Midewin), whi

  Table of Contents European Languages - Uniting different African Tongues The distribution of European and Arabic languages in Africa At face value, one can argue that the African continent appears to be the middle of Europe; hence every major European country has a hold on her from the perspective of  lingua franca . It is a given that an African is a polyglot coming from the African continent. Every African can boast of speaking more than one or two European languages; and if you count Arabic, that makes it three. The reason for this assumption is that there are many native African languages that they must cope with in their different countries. European Languages - Uniting different African Tongues It is pertinent to point out here that the European languages have helped bring many Africans together, at least to the point of having a vehicle of common means of communicating among themselves. The European languages have helped in that regard, but it has also deprived them of the opp